These proteins are called Epstein Barr Nuclear. Joint pains, Anxiety, Depression, Irritability, Mood Swings, Memory Changes and Loss. Symptoms, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Epstein- Barr is the virus that causes mononucleosis. You might know this disease better by its nickname, . Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Symptoms. Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. When they do, they're often mild, especially in young children. Kids' symptoms may be more like those of a cold or flu. Teens often have more obvious symptoms of mono. If you do get symptoms, most likely you'll have: Although you should start feeling better in 2 to 4 weeks, the fatigue can stick around much longer. You may still feel tired a couple of months later. Glandular fever is a type of viral infection that mostly affects. Glandular fever is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Sign up for weight loss support emails. About Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Describes the virus, symptoms of EBV infection, how EBV is spread, diagnosis. About Infectious Mononucleosis Describes the. The Epstein Barr Virus. New Findings with Epstein Barr Virus: The Sleeping Giant. Leptin Diet Weight Loss Challenge #6. Epstein-Barr virus is the most common viral infection in humans. The Secret Life of the Epstein-Barr Virus. The 21-Day Weight Loss Breakthrough Diet Instructions. Chronic fatigue syndrome. Significant weight gain or loss. How It Spreads. The virus is found in saliva, so you can catch mono from kissing someone who. You can also get it from drinking from the same glass or using an infected person's toothbrush. It's also found in blood and semen, so it's possible to get mono from sex, a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant. You don't have to be sick to pass the virus to someone else. EBV stays in your body long after you get over mono. The virus can become active again months or years later, making you contagious once more. Diagnosis. It's hard to tell whether you have mononucleosis just by your symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold. See your doctor for an exam to learn for sure what's making you sick. He might find signs that you have mono, such as an enlarged spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood. Your doctor will also check to see if you have a swollen liver and white patches on your tonsils. You may also need to get some blood tests. One test looks for antibodies, substances your immune system makes in response to the EBV virus. Another test looks for a type of white blood cell your body uses to fight off the EBV infection. Continued. Treatment. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics. Mono should clear up on its own without treatment in a few weeks. What You Can Do at Home. Although no medicine can cure an EBV infection, you can take these steps at home to ease your symptoms: Get plenty of rest. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. For a month or so, avoid sports, heavy lifting, or other vigorous activities in which you could injure your spleen. Prevention. No vaccine can protect you against the EBV virus. The best way to avoid catching it is to stay away from anyone who has mono. Don't share any items, including glasses, silverware, and toothbrushes, with someone who is infected. Also avoid kissing or having sex with an infected person. When to See Your Doctor. There are some rare complications of mono, so see your doctor if you or your child has any of these symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain on the left side of the belly, which could mean a problem with your spleen. Very little urine, a sign of dehydration. Trouble breathing or swallowing - - call 9. Also call if your symptoms don't go away after 4 to 6 weeks. You could have another type of infection besides mononucleosis. Other Diseases Caused by EBVEBV is best known for causing mononucleosis, but less often it can lead to other diseases, including: Studies also show a link between EBV and multiple sclerosis (MS), but more research is needed to determine if the virus can lead to MS. Sources. SOURCES: CDC: .
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Paleo Foods: Probiotic Foods . And probiotic foods don. But the bacteria in probiotic foods are actually good for you: these are the . During fermentation, carbohydrates in the food are broken down into acids by various kinds of probiotic bacteria and/or yeast. For example, in yogurt, the milk sugar (lactose) is broken down into lactic acid. This is actually quite common. For example, if the food is pasteurized at any point, the pasteurization process will kill all the bacteria (it leaves the acids intact, though, so the taste doesn. But other times, the bacteria are left intact . You already know how important your gut flora are for just about everything: if you want healthy digestion, clear skin, metabolic health, a generally good mood, easier weight loss, or pretty much anything else, pampering your gut flora should be at the top of your priorities list. The . These bacteria ferment carbohydrates into lactic acid. On the other hand, plenty of people don. Fermented dairy products like yogurt and kefir are actually much easier to digest than milk, because the bacteria destroy all the lactose by fermenting it into lactic acid. Specifically, the bacteria are all too easy to kill. If your probiotic had to sit out on a store shelf for long periods of time, or if it got transported in a hot truck with no refrigeration, or treated carelessly during storage and distribution somewhere, or otherwise wasn’t handled well, it’s very possible that you’re really just taking an expensive placebo. There’s no such risk with probiotic foods, especially if you make them yourself, because if they had no bacteria, they wouldn’t ferment in the first place. You can be sure that the bacteria are actually there, because you watched them transform ordinary cabbage into delicious sauerkraut. It’s also worth mentioning that homemade probiotic foods are typically much cheaper than supplements, especially if you’re getting the best supplements. So for many people, they might be the only affordable avenue to all the benefits of probiotics. That doesn’t make probiotic supplements bad, especially if you know how to pick the good ones. It just means that the whole- foods version may be better if it’s available to you. Miscellaneous Health Benefits. There are also plenty of studies on the miscellaneous benefits of various probiotic foods, when eaten as whole foods: This review goes over all the health benefits of kimchi specifically. This study found that probiotic yogurt significantly decreased various markers of inflammation. In this study, a probiotic yogurt reduced Hb. A1c and TNF- alpha levels in Type 2 diabetics (translation: it improved blood sugar levels and decreased inflammation). In this study, probiotic yogurt reduced the number of respiratory tract infections in swimmers. Some of this is probably really about the gut flora, but it. Learning how to plan a menu around prebiotic and probiotic foods is a necessity for many people. There has been new information that has become available. Probiotics have been found to actually help keep harmful bacteria at bay. And prebiotics are actually the food for our. Are you getting enough probiotic rich foods in your diet? Probiotic foods are essential for your digestive health. TM VOL 13 Prebiotics and Probiotics for Horses Dr Tania Cubitt & Dr Stephen Duren Performance Horse Nutrition Horses have a unique digestive system. Specifically, people with Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) often find that probiotics are very difficult to handle. If this is an issue for you, then trying to force it and just . Instead, try starting very slowly, and gradually increasing your fermented food intake as your gut starts to heal. By starting slowly and working up to it, many people end up being able to tolerate quite a bit. Buying and Cooking With Probiotic Foods. Ready to get started with probiotic foods? Making your own is actually very easy and much cheaper than buying them. Here are some recipes to get you started. You can also buy probiotic foods at the store, but here you. Remember that not all fermented foods still contain beneficial bacteria in the final result. Yogurt and kefir is pasteurized before it hits the shelf, but then probiotic. Look for a container labeled . Few store- bought brands actually contain live probiotic bacteria, and the ones that do tend to advertise it proudly, so you should be able to tell from reading the label. Kombucha: it. Most stores will only carry raw apple cider vinegar, not other types. Once you. Just try a taste and consider what you. Have a look at Paleo Restart, our 3. It has the tools to let you reset your body, lose weight and start feeling great.+Paleo Leap Tribe is now also available. Try out our meal plan generator and quick cheat sheets. The modern American diet full of processed foods can quickly take its toll on your health. Fortunately, Body Ecology's Probiotic Diet provides a key to health and. Who needs a probiotic supplement when you have so many delicious whole foods to choose. Try out our meal plan generator and quick cheat sheets. The Translational Nutrition research team in the Department of Gastroenterology are researching the impact of a high fibre, high prebiotic diet. Is Your Diet Plan Supported by Science? Thursday, November 6, 2014. You can get more out of these diet plans by adding prebiotics. Can Probiotics Help You Lose Weight? Your intestines manage the digestion and absorption of the foods you eat, explains study co- author Yukio Kadooka, a researcher with the Snow Brand Company in Japan. The second problem: Like Kadooka. A study published in the International Journal of Obesity found that while some strains of probiotics aid weight loss, others contribute to obesity. Probiotics offer benefits . 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So, visit online, if you want to lose weight in a hassle free manner. Summary. Reviewer. Slim Fit 1. 80. Review Date. Reviewed Item. Slim Fit 1. Nutritionist Service . While some of these diets may be a temporary fix, for long term health benefits you. This is where nutritional counseling comes in. Learn about the education, practical steps, and experience you Discover the top 7 renal diet tips for your renal failure. This article lays out all the guidelines needed to ensure you protect your kidneys from further damage, and. Our nutritionists in Toronto will give you a general guideline of what to eat depending on your conditions and goals. In some cases, a restrictive diet may be necessary, however we do not believe in this approach for the long term. Rarely will we instruct you on details as to what to eat in each meal because eating food should be a pleasure. Most often, any dietary approach that treats foods as a fuel for the body like gasoline for a car will eventually fail. Recommendations may include diet suggestions and nutrition supplementation, if necessary. Nutrition counselling sessions by dietitians or nutritionists can be expensive in Toronto. While you can put no price tag on your health, you can always contact your insurance company and try to limit the out- of- pocket cost. Overall nutritional counselling is a cost effective investment that can give you the resources you need to improve your health and, in most cases, you will still be able to enjoy your guilty pleasure foods. Employee benefits may cover the fee for nutritional counseling session. Please see the information provided below. What Is Nutritional Counselling? Nutritional Counselling is the process by which a trained nutritionist, dietitian, or other health care professional provides individuals with the educational material, support, and strategies that they need to implement in their diets and promote proper health. Should You Consider A Nutrition Consult? While anyone can benefit from consulting with a nutritionist, individuals with certain health conditions can benefit more. Top 10 Ways to Boost Your Energy. Experts offer some fatigue-zapping tips that really work.Your healthcare practitioner may advise you if you. Some conditions that may require you to adjust your diet include: high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, heart diseases, and even pregnancy. Nutritional counselling can also be helpful for promoting healthier eating habits for people with mental health disorders and chemical dependencies. What Should You Expect Our nutritionist at the Pacific Wellness Institute, Toronto will work closely with you to assess your eating habits and point out any weaknesses and areas that need improvement. In most cases, the nutritionist will start by asking the client a few questions by using one of two methods: A 2. A diet questionnaire is used to find out how often you consume certain foods over a specific time frame. Next the nutritionist may assess your body weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and body composition in order to determine if you are underweight or overweight. After the Toronto nutritionist has gathered all the information that they need, they will then be able to point out the areas of your current diet that require modification and make necessary recommendations. This may involve for instance, small changes such as switching from whole milk to soy milk; or replacing high fat meat with lean meat. Your nutritional counsellor should also prepare you for any barriers that may interrupt your new diet plan. Although a vast majority of essential nutrients should be acquired by eating foods, very few people can obtain sufficient amounts of nutrients through the meals alone, due to a complex lifestyle and environmental restrictions. It should be also noted that when your internal organic system is under stress, your ability to absorb and utilize nutrients from foods is compromised. Thus, highly absorbable nutritional supplementation can be beneficial. Available Now. Clinical nutrition counseling as a part of naturopathic services involves a thorough assessment and evaluation of your current diet and lifestyle. By doing so, obstacles to cure can be identified (allergens, inflammatory foods, foods that may exacerbate disease). Clinical nutrition counseling will provide you with tools to improve your overall health and work towards long- term wellness. When deficiencies are present, a variety of health problems, such as depression and anemia, can develop. But even in developed nations, vitamin deficiencies occur for several reasons. For many people, comfort food is the solution to this state of mind. Read more. Improving Your Nutritional Health Ready to start leading a healthy lifestyle but don! With a little determination and the right information you can modify your diet to become a healthier more beautiful you. Combined with the right exercises, a healthy diet can limit your chances of developing chronic diseases, including cancer and heart disease while improving your overall health. Here are a few nutritional tips that you can follow to improve your health. In fact, it is so important that diet has been deemed an integral part of acupuncture and. Worldwide over 4. If not managed effectively, blood sugar levels in the blood can become too high or too low. Looking for a simple and tasty way to add liver to your diet? Try our delicious and nutrient-packed raw shake. Liver is teeming with fat-soluble vitamins A, D and K2. Eating healthy isn't as difficult (or joyless) as you might imagine. Every week Nutrition Diva, Monica Reinagel, serves up simple, painless ways to upgrade your. Work with me; Blog; Contact me; Praise; About; Hi gorgeous! Thanks for stopping by! Jul, 2. 01. 5 by Advo. Girl. One of the biggest challenges we face is being confronted with poor food choices. AdvoCare Weight Loss Program Cleanse Phase: Days 1-10. Download the Plan for the Cleanse Phase. AdvoCare Weight Loss 24-Day Challenge Program Cleanse. The Weight Loss Program Advocare plan by fitness expert. 4 week eating plan to lose weight When you reduce your. Here are 10 salad tips for that may help with your Advocare way of eating. Scam Garcinia Cambogia Extract Coconut Oil Weight Loss Coffee Free Quick Weight Loss Recipes Extreme Weight Loss Show Diet Plan How Much Calories Must I Burn To Lose. 20 Pounds Weight Loss Before And After Do Meal Replacement Shakes Work For Weight Loss Quick Weight Loss Comments Is Boost Shakes Good For Weight Loss Weight Loss. Advocare Weight Loss Plan. If you are considering AdvoCare or another weight-loss. NIFS Nutrition News: Beware of AdvoCare. I don't know where you got your information for the eating plan. If you are looking at purchasing the Advocare diet plan. From here you are encouraged to continue the healthy eating. Why I Do Not Recommend Eating Pork. By Dr. Mercola. Regardless of your spiritual beliefs, there may be good reason to carefully consider your decision to include pork as a regular part of your diet, because despite advertising campaigns trying to paint pork as a . One of the most potentially acute hazards is contamination with pathogenic bacteria. According to a surprising new investigation by Consumer Reports. Yersinia enterocolitica, which causes fever and gastrointestinal illness with diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach cramps. Ground pork was more likely than pork chops to be contaminated. The pork also tested positive for other contaminants, including the controversial drug ractopamine, which is banned in many parts of the world, including China and Europe. The drug, which was found in more than 2. Worst of all, many of the bacteria found in the pork were resistant to multiple antibiotics, making treatment, should you fall ill, all the more problematic and potentially lethal. Would The 16 Hour Diet Simplify Your Life? The 16 hour diet can work for anyone, helping them to shed body fat in a safe, controlled, and enjoyable way. Result: Mice that fasted at least 12 hours gained less weight overall than mice that were fed the same type and amount of food but had the run of the feed through all. Ok, so what is this LCHF then? This is true LCHF: Basics. The abbreviation stands for Low Carb High Fat and the very simple basics are to minimize the carbs in your. According to the featured report. And 1. 1 percent harbored enterococcus, which can indicate fecal contamination and can cause problems such as urinary- tract infections. However, virtually all of the pork you're likely to consume do not fit these criteria. So for most all industrially raised pork, I believe there is enough scientific evidence to justify the reservations or outright prohibitions in many cultures against consuming it. Nearly all pigs raised in the U. We hope that the following practical information on eating and staying well will help you feel positive and encouraged to stick to the gestational diabetes (GDM) diet. Regardless of your spiritual beliefs, there may be good reason to carefully consider your decision to include pork as a regular part of your diet.S. These inhumane environments are typically toxic breeding grounds for pathogens. At an operation like Joel Salatin's, you couldn't smell any sign of pigs. These pigs were raised humanely and organically, where both animal and land are managed symbiotically. Granted, the occasional consumption of pork might be fine, but it's a risk, and the more you consume it the more likely it is that you will eventually acquire some type of infection. The pork and swine industry has been continually plagued, and continues to be so to this day, by a wide variety of hazardous infections and diseases, including: PRRS - - A horrendous disease, which I first reported on in 2. At one point referred to as . Initial research revealed that the virus was transmitted via semen, saliva and blood, leaving pigs herded closely together and transported in close quarters by trucks more susceptible to infection. However, according to research presented at the 2. International PRRS Symposium, the disease is also airborne, making eradication efforts very difficult. The Nipah Virus – Discovered in 1. Nipah virus has caused disease in both animals and humans, through contact with infected animals. In humans, the virus can lead to deadly encephalitis (an acute inflammation of your brain). I originally reported on this virus in 2. CDC data, the Nipah virus reemerged again in 2. Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus (PERV) – According to a study in the journal Lancet, this virus can spread to people receiving pig organ transplants, and according to test tube studies, PERV strains do have the ability to infect human cells. PERV genes are scattered throughout pigs' genetic material, and researchers have found that pig heart, spleen and kidney cells release various strains of the virus. Menangle Virus – In 1. The menangle virus was discovered in August 1. Australian piggery began giving birth to deformed and mummified piglets. As explained by Consumer Reports, thoroughly cooking your pork is important for safety, so if you're on a raw diet (which can include raw meats), pork should definitely NOT be part of your menu.. Again, while I don't recommend it, if you DO opt to eat pork, it would be wise to follow these safe handling tips and guidelines, issued by Consumer Reports. When cooking pork, use a meat thermometer to ensure that it reaches the proper internal temperature, which kills potentially harmful bacteria: at least 1. Wash your hands thoroughly after handling raw meat. Choose pork and other meat products that were raised without drugs. One way to do that is to buy certified organic pork, from pigs raised without antibiotics or ractopamine. Look for a clear statement regarding antibiotic use. Watch out for misleading labels. We found unapproved claims, including . We reported those to the USDA in June 2. To find meat from animals that were raised sustainably — humanely and without drugs — go to eatwellguide. To learn about the Consumers Union campaign aimed at getting stores to sell only antibiotic- free meat, go to Notin. BIRDS of THE WORLD - An Online Bird Book. Order Passeriformes Family Pycnonotidae. Genus Pycnonotus Also Asian Species. News evaluated some of the most popular diets and identified the best. Find which top-rated diet is best for your health and fitness goals.
Tips to Get Started. No matter how you slice it, diet is a dirty word. It smacks of deprivation and hunger pangs. To overcome the pain, you need a plan. So Web. MD asked the experts for advice, and put together their quick tips on how to get your weight loss going. Know Your Weight Loss Goals. Consider how much you need to lose before you decide how to do it, recommends Brian C. Jacobson, MD, MPH, assistant professor of medicine and a gastroenterologist at Boston University Medical Center in Massachusetts. Very overweight or obese. Exercise also has to be part of your plan, Jacobson tells the do- it- yourselfers. But that doesn't necessarily mean joining a gym. Understand Your Weight Loss Personality. Personality plays a role in our attitude towards food, says Thomas R. Przybeck, Ph. D, assistant professor of psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, who has published on the topic of diet and personality. Know your tendencies and tailor your plan to conquer the unproductive inclinations. Impulsive. Clearly you are a dieter who needs to remove those temptations. Oblivious. If you tend to not pay attention when you eat - - maybe you're a TV snacker? Global. Fit - Diet- To- Go. With Diet- to- Go, you get an entire team of health professionals including a registered dietitian, a nutritionist, and a certified health coach to support you and your goals. As part of the Diet- to- Go community, you'll find resources and programs that will inspire you, strengthen your commitment, and help you stay motivated when you need it most - all designed to fit perfectly in your busy life. Diet-to-Go is so Confident That You'll Love. The species gathers together into approximately 4. Antarctica. Emperor penguins are capable of diving to depths of approximately 5. Physical features. Adults are coloured black and white with areas of orange and yellow on the head, neck, and breast. Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) are sensitive to the Antarctic climate change because they breed on the fast sea ice. Studies of paleohistory for.Hasil penelitian terbaru mengungkapkan bahwa penguin emperor atau penguin kaisar (Aptenodytes forsteri) bisa menyelam dalam waktu yang cukup lama. The Emperor Penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri. It worked for me and I didnt even change my diet! Emperor penguins and chick at Snow Hill Island Tips on how to. Emperor Penguin ~ Aptenodytes forsteri General Information Class: Aves Order: Spheniciformes. Diet: Emperor penguins in the wild eat a diet of fish, squid. Some members of this species may grow to approximately 1. Juveniles are smaller, and their plumage is similar to that of the adults, with pale white to light gray feathers in place of those coloured orange and yellow. The downy feathers on the bodies of chicks are silver- gray. Although the feathers that surround the eyes are coloured white, those that cover the rest of the head are black. The emperor penguin closely resembles the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus), a species of smaller stature that lives on several outlying Antarctic islands. Predators and prey. Adept divers that can remain underwater for nearly 2. In addition, their endurance is such that some individuals have reached the South Shetland Islands, Tierra del Fuego, the Falkland Islands, the South Sandwich Islands, the Kerguelen Islands, Heard Island, and New Zealand. The species is prey for killer whales (Orcinus orca), leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx), and giant fulmars (Macronectes giganteus). Reproduction. Emperor penguins breed in large colonies. Breeding occurs in late March and early April when males and females return from foraging in the sea. Some 1. 5 percent of adults are capable of finding their mate from the previous year despite the absence of a nest and the tremendous size of the colony. Breeding is apparently timed to ensure that the long developmental period will produce fully fledged young in midsummer, when their chances of survival are greatest. Consequently, a single egg is laid in late May or early June just before the onset of the Antarctic winter. Incubation is done exclusively by the male, and it is begun immediately after egg laying. In the meantime, the female embarks on a journey of some 8. Incubation lasts 6. With no access to food, the male lives off his fat reserves. He holds the egg on the tops of his feet, draping a layer of skin over the egg to protect it from the harsh conditions. During violent winter storms, members of the colony gather for mutual protection in tightly packed crowds called huddles. The chicks hatch in August, and the females return to the colony to relieve the males. Each chick stands on the feet of one of its parents until it is strong enough to withstand the cold of the Antarctic ice on its own. The cold, however, is not the only threat to the newly hatched young. The number of “unemployed” adults in the colony increases with the addition of those who have lost eggs or chicks, and such birds have been known to interfere with parents that have young and cause increased chick mortality. Test Your Knowledge. Mobile Phones. During the cr. Once this molt is complete, the juvenile penguin leaves the colony to seek its own food at sea. Juveniles become fully fledged in December and January during their first year of life; they will return to the colony to breed starting in their fifth year. Scientific name: Aptenodytes forsteri. Physical description and related species. Emperor penguins are truly amazing birds. They not only survive the Antarctic winter. Moosa khokhar emperor penguin 1. SLIDE 1:Emperor Penguin (Scientific name : Aptenodytes forsteri) 2. Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) group swimming, can dive to 600 meters and stay down for 20 minutes, Antarctica Expect to find birding tips. Beak of the Week: Emperor Penguin. Range: Circumpolar Antarctic. Emperor penguins may live 2. Conservation status. Despite the emperor penguin being considered a species of least concern since 1. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), ecologists have recorded population declines in some emperor penguin colonies. The largest population decline (5. Terre Ad. Many ecologists attribute these population decreases to climatic changes associated with global warming. The species spends nearly all of its time on or near the permanent ice pack so it can be close to its prey, which also depends on sea ice coverage. The ice shelves also serve as breeding grounds and nurseries. With the breakup of large areas of sea ice, such as the loss of 6. Larsen Ice Shelf between 1. Wilkins Ice Shelf in 2. As a result, fewer young are produced, and those that survive have higher rates of mortality. Even though the species numbers in the hundreds of thousands, some scientific models predict drastic population declines in emperor penguin colonies along the Antarctic Peninsula as sea ice coverage continues to decline. Read about lymphoedema. Sign up for weight loss support emails; Create an NHS Choices account. With an account you can keep track of pages on the site and save them to this tab, which you can access on every page when you. Lymphedema and Weight Loss; Self Care for Lymphedema; Complete Decongestive Therapy. Pictures of Breast Cancer; Press Room; Contact Us; En espa Lymphedema Home Remedies. Infectious Mononucleosis Slideshow Pictures. Years to assess the total water content of the body and body composition for fitness and weight loss purposes. Learn about common lymphedema treatments today. Lymphedema and Weight Loss; Self Care for Lymphedema; Complete Decongestive Therapy. Pictures of Breast Cancer; Press Room; Contact Us. Among the morbidly obese, less than 5 percent succeed in losing a significant amount of weight and maintaining the weight loss with non- surgical programs — usually a combination of dieting, behavior modification therapy and exercise. People do lose weight without surgery, however, particularly when they work with a certified health care professional to develop an effective and safe weight- loss program. Most health insurance companies don't cover weight- loss surgery unless you first make a serious effort to lose weight using non- surgical approaches. Many people participate in a combination of the following therapies. Dietary Modification. Many of us have tried a variety of diets and have been caught in a cycle of weight gain and loss — . Ninety percent of people participating in all diet programs regain the weight they've lost within two years. For people who have weight- loss surgery, dieting is an instrumental part of maintaining weight loss after surgery. If you decide to go on a diet, we recommend that you work with a health professional who can customize a diet to meet your needs. A diet should greatly restrict your calorie intake, but maintain your nutrition. Calorie- restrictive diets fall into two basic categories. Low calorie diets (LCDs) are individually planned to include 5. Very low calorie diets (VLCDs) typically limit intake to only 4. See information on the Weight Management Program at UCSF Medical Center. Behavior Modification. The goal of behavior modification therapy is to change your eating and exercise habits to promote weight loss. Examples include: Setting realistic weight loss goals — short term and long term. Recording your diet and exercise patterns in a diary. Identifying high- risk situations and avoiding them. Rewarding specific actions, such as exercising for a longer time or eating less of a certain type of food. Adopting realistic beliefs about weight loss and body image. Developing a support network, including family, friends and co- workers, or joining a support group that can help you focus on your goal. Although some people experience success with behavior modification, most patients achieve only short- term weight loss for the first year. If you plan on having weight- loss surgery, behavior therapy and dieting will be instrumental in helping you maintain your weight loss after surgery. Surgery is a tool to get your body to start losing weight. Diet and behavior modification will determine your ultimate success. Exercise. Exercise greatly increases your chance of long- term weight loss. It is a key component for any long- term weight management program, particularly weight- loss surgery. Research shows that when you reduce the number of calories you consume, your body reacts by slowing your metabolism to burn fewer calories, rather than promote weight loss. Daily physical activity can help speed up your metabolism, effectively reducing the . Your health condition may make any level of physical exertion extremely difficult. But you can learn strategies to help you start a realistic exercise routine. The following strategies can help you start exercising and can be incorporated into your daily routine. Park your car at the far end of parking lots and walk through them. Walking is considered one of the most effective forms of exercise. You can start slowly and build up over time. Reduce the time you spend watching television. Ride an exercise bike. Swim or participate in low- impact water aerobics. Take the stairs instead of the elevator. Walk briskly for five minutes in the morning and five minutes in the afternoon. Medications. A variety of over- the- counter and prescription weight loss drugs are available. Some people find these drugs help curb their appetites. Studies show that patients on drug therapy lose around 1. As patients stop taking the medication, weight gain usually occurs. Weight loss drugs, approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating obesity, include: Beta- methyl- phenylethylamine (Fastin) — This is a stimulant that increases fat metabolism. Orlistat (Xenical) — This drug works by blocking about 3. Decongestive lymphatic therapy (DLT) is used for treating lymphoedema. It involves good skin care, using compression bandages, doing exercises, and specialised. Sign up for weight loss support emails; Create an NHS Choices. Although there is no recommended diet for lymphedema. The potential benefits of weight loss for lymphedema do not appear to be influenced by whether you choose to limit your fat intake or just eat fewer calories. Unintended weight loss; Less commonly, fever, night sweats and weakness; Multicentric Castleman disease. Most people with multicentric Castleman disease. The 10 things I did to heal my Lymphedema. If you need to lose weight and you do. Alli is a lower- dose, over- the- counter formula of the same medication. Phentermine — Phentermine, an appetite suppressant, has been available for many years. The use of phentermine alone has not been associated with the adverse health effects of the fenfluramine- phentermine combination. Sibutramine (Meridia) — This is an appetite suppressant approved for long- term use. Medications are an important part of the morbid obesity treatment process but weight- loss drugs can have serious side effects. We recommend that you visit a certified health care professional who can prescribe appropriate medications. Before insurance companies will reimburse you for weight- loss surgery, you must follow a well- documented treatment plan that typically includes medications. Surgery. Many people ,who are morbidly obese and who have been unsuccessful in losing and keeping off the weight, opt for bariatric or weight- loss surgery. Bariatric surgery, which involves sealing off most of the stomach to reduce the quantity of food you can consume, can be an effective means for morbidly obese people to lose weight and maintain that weight loss. To be considered for weight- loss surgery, you must meet at least one of the following qualifications: Be more than 1. Have a body mass index (BMI) of 4. BMI is a number based on both your height and weight. Surgery may be considered with a BMI as low as 3. Most surgeons require that you demonstrate serious motivation and a clear understanding of the extensive dietary, exercise and medical guidelines that must be followed for the remainder of your life. The UCSF Bariatric Surgery Center has performed surgical weight loss procedures since 1. Various procedures involve different risks and advantages. During your initial consultation, your surgeon will discuss in detail the different options available to you, along with their associated risks and advantages. The most common bariatric surgeries are. How to Lose Weight When You Have Lymphedema. Lymphedema is the swelling of a limb or other body tissue that occurs when vessels that form the lymphatic system are blocked or there is an increase in lymph fluid. The lymph system vessels carry excess protein and fluid to the blood stream. Tiny round organs called nodes line the lymphatic system and trap toxins and foreign bodies, such as bacteria. If you have lymphedema, you can lose weight through exercise and healthy eating. Exercise may improve circulation in your lymph system and reduce the swelling of your lymphedematous arm or leg, even though lymphedema itself cannot be cured. Because lyphedema has multiple causes, there isn't a single weight loss program that will work for all lymphedema patients. Get approval from your physician that you can safely undertake a weight loss program. Because lymphedema has many causes, including cancer, infections, surgery, radiation, and genetic lymph system problems, it is important that your weight loss program not aggravate your lymphedema or your underlying medical problem. Join lymphedema online support groups, such as the forums of the Lymphedema Awareness Foundation, where you can ask your peers for advice on safe exercises and diets. Review information on how different exercises and sports affect lymphedema patients. For example, in an essay titled . But the National Cancer Institute disagrees and suggests that breast cancer patients with lymphedema try aerobic exercises and slowly progressive weight lifting. Meet with a dietitian and create a healthy diet that matches your weight loss goals. At the present time there is no special lymphedema diet. For example, Mayo. Clinic. com urges lymphedema patients to eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, which the same weight loss advice given to people who do not have lymphedema. Seek out experts on obesity if you weigh more than 1. An article published by . Physical therapist Bonnie B. Lasinski, MA, PT, CLT- LANA, on website Lymphedema Treatment warns patients to always wear their compression garments or compression bandages on their affected limb whenever they exercise. Swimming, cycling and quick walking are less risky for lymphedema patients than tennis, bowling and jogging, but patients should feel free to engage in activities such as jogging if it does not worsen their lymphedema. If the lymphedematous limb is swollen before exercising, patients should elevate it and rest instead of exercising that day. Plant defense against herbivory - Wikipedia. Plant defense against herbivory or host- plant resistance (HPR) describes a range of adaptationsevolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores. Plants can sense being touched. Many plants produce secondary metabolites, known as allelochemicals, that influence the behavior, growth, or survival of herbivores. These chemical defenses can act as repellents or toxins to herbivores, or reduce plant digestibility. Other defensive strategies used by plants include escaping or avoiding herbivores in any time and/or any place, for example by growing in a location where plants are not easily found or accessed by herbivores, or by changing seasonal growth patterns. Another approach diverts herbivores toward eating non- essential parts, or enhances the ability of a plant to recover from the damage caused by herbivory. Some plants encourage the presence of natural enemies of herbivores, which in turn protect the plant. Each type of defense can be either constitutive (always present in the plant), or induced (produced in reaction to damage or stress caused by herbivores). Historically, insects have been the most significant herbivores, and the evolution of land plants is closely associated with the evolution of insects. Developing pharmaceuticals and performing pharmacovigilance requires a wide array of comprehensive, evidence-based medicine, drug and medical device efficacy studies. Embase is a highly versatile, multipurpose and up-to-date biomedical database. It covers the most important international biomedical. While most plant defenses are directed against insects, other defenses have evolved that are aimed at vertebrate herbivores, such as birds and mammals. The study of plant defenses against herbivory is important, not only from an evolutionary view point, but also in the direct impact that these defenses have on agriculture, including human and livestock food sources; as beneficial 'biological control agents' in biological pest control programs; as well as in the search for plants of medical importance. Evolution of defensive traits. Many plants have adapted to iodine- deficient terrestrial environment by removing iodine from their metabolism, in fact iodine is essential only for animal cells. Many plant pesticides are glycosides (as the cardiac digitoxin) and cyanogenic glycosides which liberate cyanide, which, blocking cytochrome c oxidase and NIS, is poisonous only for a large part of parasites and herbivores and not for the plant cells in which it seems useful in seed dormancy phase. Iodide is not pesticide, but is oxidized, by vegetable peroxidase, to iodine, which is a strong oxidant, it is able to kill bacteria, fungi and protozoa. The diversification of flowering plants (angiosperms) at that time is associated with the sudden burst of speciation in insects. Early insect herbivores were mandibulate and bit or chewed vegetation; but the evolution of vascular plants lead to the co- evolution of other forms of herbivory, such as sap- sucking, leaf mining, gall forming and nectar- feeding. Scale bar is 1. 0 mm. Our understanding of herbivory in geological time comes from three sources: fossilized plants, which may preserve evidence of defense (such as spines), or herbivory- related damage; the observation of plant debris in fossilised animal faeces; and the construction of herbivore mouthparts. As previously discussed, the first land plants emerged around 4. Herbivory first evolved due to marine organisms within ancient lakes and oceans. There was a gap of 5. Herbivore adaptations to plant defense have been likened to offensive traits and consist of adaptations that allow increased feeding and use of a host plant. When an herbivore eats a plant it selects for plants that can mount a defensive response. In cases where this relationship demonstrates specificity (the evolution of each trait is due to the other), and reciprocity (both traits must evolve), the species are thought to have co- evolved. Constitutive defenses are always present in the plant, while induced defenses are produced or mobilized to the site where a plant is injured. There is wide variation in the composition and concentration of constitutive defenses and these range from mechanical defenses to digestibility reducers and toxins. Many external mechanical defenses and large quantitative defenses are constitutive, as they require large amounts of resources to produce and are difficult to mobilize. These substances, secondary metabolites, are organic compounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development or reproduction of organisms. Qualitative metabolites are defined as toxins that interfere with an herbivore. Qualitative chemicals are present in plants in relatively low concentrations (often less than 2% dry weight), and are not dosage dependent. They are usually small, water- soluble molecules, and therefore can be rapidly synthesized, transported and stored with relatively little energy cost to the plant. Qualitative allelochemicals are usually effective against non- adapted specialists and generalist herbivores. Quantitative chemicals are those that are present in high concentration in plants (5 . Most quantitative metabolites are digestibility reducers that make plant cell walls indigestible to animals. The effects of quantitative metabolites are dosage dependent and the higher these chemicals. Because they are typically large molecules, these defenses are energetically expensive to produce and maintain, and often take longer to synthesize and transport. Within 3. 0 minutes of ingestion the chemical paralyzes the herbivore. While the chemical usually wears off within a few hours, during this time the beetle is often consumed by its own predators. Over 3. 00. 0 known alkaloids exist, examples include nicotine, caffeine, morphine, cocaine, colchicine, ergolines, strychnine, and quinine. Some alkaloids can inhibit or activate enzymes, or alter carbohydrate and fat storage by inhibiting the formation phosphodiester bonds involved in their breakdown. Alkaloids can also affect cell membrane and cytoskeletal structure causing the cells to weaken, collapse, or leak, and can affect nerve transmission. They become toxic when herbivores eat the plant and break cell membranes allowing the glycosides to come into contact with enzymes in the cytoplasm releasing hydrogen cyanide which blocks cellular respiration. Whereas some benzoxazinoids are constitutively present, others are only synthesised following herbivore infestation, and thus, considered inducible plant defenses against herbivory. There are over 1. Diterpenoids, 4 isoprene units, are widely distributed in latex and resins, and can be quite toxic. Diterpenes are responsible for making Rhododendron leaves poisonous. Plant steroids and sterols are also produced from terpenoid precursors, including vitamin D, glycosides (such as digitalis) and saponins (which lyse red blood cells of herbivores). Some phenols have antiseptic properties, while others disrupt endocrine activity. Phenolics range from simple tannins to the more complex flavonoids that give plants much of their red, blue, yellow, and white pigments. Complex phenolics called polyphenols are capable of producing many different types of effects on humans, including antioxidant properties. Some examples of phenolics used for defense in plants are: lignin, silymarin and cannabinoids. The cholinergic toxine, cicutoxin of water hemlock, is a polyyne derived from the fatty acid metabolism. Some defensive compounds are produced internally but are released onto the plant. The leaves of holly plants, for instance, are very smooth and slippery making feeding difficult. Some plants produce gummosis or sap that traps insects. A plant's leaves and stem may be covered with sharp prickles, spines, thorns, or trichomes- hairs on the leaf often with barbs, sometimes containing irritants or poisons. Plant structural features like spines and thorns reduce feeding by large ungulate herbivores (e. The structure of a plant, its branching and leaf arrangement may also be evolved to reduce herbivore impact. The shrubs of New Zealand have evolved special wide branching adaptations believed to be a response to browsing birds such as the moas. These mechanically reduce the digestibility of plant tissue, causing rapid wear to vertebrate teeth and insect mandibles. The leaves of the sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica, close up rapidly in response to direct touch, vibration, or even electrical and thermal stimuli. The proximate cause of this mechanical response is an abrupt change in the turgor pressure in the pulvini at the base of leaves resulting from osmotic phenomena. This is then spread via both electrical and chemical means through the plant; only a single leaflet need be disturbed. It may also physically dislodge small herbivores, such as insects. Mimicry and camouflage. Because female butterflies are less likely to lay their eggs on plants that already have butterfly eggs, some species of neotropicalvines of the genus. Passiflora (Passion flowers) contain physical structures resembling the yellow eggs of Heliconiusbutterflies on their leaves, which discourage oviposition by butterflies. Such an arrangement is known as mutualism, in this case of the . One such feature are semiochemicals, given off by plants.
Semiochemicals are a group of volatile organic compounds involved in interactions between organisms. One group of semiochemicals are allelochemicals; consisting of allomones, which play a defensive role in interspecies communication, and kairomones, which are used by members of higher trophic levels to locate food sources. When a plant is attacked it releases allelochemics containing an abnormal ratio of these herbivore- induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). The subsequent reduction in the number of herbivores confers a fitness benefit to the plant and demonstrates the indirect defensive capabilities of semiochemicals. For example, trees from the genus Macaranga have adapted their thin stem walls to create ideal housing for an ant species (genus Crematogaster), which, in turn, protects the plant from herbivores. Plant defense against herbivory or host-plant resistance (HPR) describes a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores. Plants can sense being touched, and they can use several. I am almost positive this stuff I get in my eyes have parasite eggs in it, at one time, I thought it was allergies. But, if you look at the below picture, you will. Below are a few pictures of candida, I don't have a good one but this might help you. Please let me know if. |
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